本帖最后由 apsaras 于 2012-1-6 14:09 编辑
西人对CES是如何定义? 又找来 H.A. Crosby Forbes 于2002年一些相关的发表。希望不会打乱严老的分析。不肯定在这以后 Dr. Forbes 有没有其它关于CES的发表。 我只知道他在 Chinese Export Silver – The Chan Collection 2005 写过一篇比较短的文章。既然严老和陈老都有私人翻译，网里也高手林立，我就原文奉上算了！
In the United States, we can think of Chinese export silver as an important part of this enlarged silver universe whose rediscovery involved the confluence of four successive “streams”.
The first stream, dating from 1784-1785 to about 1850, came from major ports along the Atlantic coast that engaged in the China trade. As late as the 1960s, descendants of the ship captains, supercargoes, and China trade merchants who had originally acquired the pieces still owned many examples…..
As collectors’ knowledge of the field spread, existence of a larger second stream became evident. The historical background of this stream was the opening of Hong Kong and Shanghai as a result of treaties following China’s defeat in the first and second Opium Wars (1839-1842, 1857-1860). An increase in the number of foreign trading houses with an escalating number of foreign merchants – often accompanied by wives and offspring – meant significantly greater silver production…..
A third stream – more of a trickle, really – resulted from the establishment of foreign legations in Beijing after 1860. The diplomatic community required silver not only for legations but also for personal use in individual private houses……
The fourth, and largest, stream of this silver came to light in the pantries and cupboards of descendants of American missionaries, business and military personnel, and wealthy tourists. Dating from the 1870s to the 1930s, this later Treaty Port silver makes uninhibited use of traditional Chinese motifs, most notably dragons. American who had visited or spent time in the more cosmopolitan foreign concessions such as Shanghai soon learned that Chinese silversmiths’ work, given the relatively low cost of labor combined with high quality of workmanship, was one of the best bargains in China. As a result, those who could afford it seldom returned home without acquiring some of this silver. Many examples still exist in California, Washington, and Oregon, where a considerable number of these so-called “old China hands” eventually settled in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. This fourth stream comprises the majority of pieces that come on the market today…..
(Citations: Silver Magazine March/April 2002 page 25 & 26 by Dr. H.A. Crosby Forbes） | 
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发表于 2012-1-6 10:59
发表于 2012-1-7 11:04
